Creative Business Planning for Writers

Creative Business Planning for Writers Samantha graduated from her writing program several years ago. With high marks and big dreams, she found herself working a department store instead. On some nights she compensated Writers like Samantha usually diagnose the problem as a lack of creativity. Little do they know that dreams arent always fueled Creative writers often overlook the value of a business plan. They believe its all about money and dont want to get involved with the facts and figures of it. They shy away from financial planning because its considered too left-brained for the artist. But even the simplest career layout will do. Not all big dreams have to start with dramatic origins. Basic preparation can make a big difference. With a little time and effort, small, but specific plans can transform writing ambiguity into a clearer sense of success. Good planning will mitigate self-doubt which, in turn, could minimize distractions. Setback wont turn into months of procrastination. A handy overview, such as a business plan, keeps a writer on track and financially stable in the long run. Here are four specific examples to show how the elements of a simple business plan could help Samantha – and writers like her – move towards success: (1)    A business plan enhances self-image. Every business plan contains an executive summary which defines the endeavor. Writers could use this statement to define a sharper self-image which will bolster self-confidence and enthusiasm. (2)    A business plan encourages social connections. A good plan helps determine how you will market to  potential mentors and publications alike. It defines your social circle too. A writer isnt born overnight and certainly not alone. Support is essential for success. A business plan challenges the writer to define which influences and niche excites her the most as well as where to focus her work. (3)    A business plan doubles as a funding manual. A writing aspiration needs real money to back it up. It is a sign of commitment and self-trust. A writer willing to budget for dreams will show that shes willing to walk the walk and talk the talk. Whether it be for contests, paper clips or new software, writers stand a better chance when they have money to spend. It not only makes sense for the pocketbook, it keeps the writers ego alive and healthy too. (4)    A business plan marks important dates and deadlines. A writer is nothing without her deadlines. Procrastination runs rampant in the community and following up on ones goals is crucial to success. A business plan gives a birds-eye view of what needs to be done and at what time. A writer in control is a strong writer; she will be focused during tough times and wiser during good ones. Creative writers, like Samantha, arent always the first to admit theyre in business. But the art needs to be supported Samantha doesnt have to waste time any more. She can set down a simple business plan which will transform her attitude and goals towards a real path towards success. Without doubt, opportunities await her prepared mind.

b. f. skinner essays

b. f. skinner essays B.F. Skinner born in Susquehanna, Pennsylvania March 20, 1904 was a man known as B.F. Skinner. His real name was Burrhus Fredric, but he signed his name as B.F. since he was at the tender age of nine Skinner accomplished many things in his lifetime. He wrote several books, all about psychology Skinner was the first child of William A. and Grace Burrhus Skinner . During high school Skinner was involved in many activities, including writing for the local paper, playing the piano and saxophone, and inventing things. After graduating high school Skinner went to Hamilton College and graduated in 1926 where he majored in English language and literature. There after he went on to Harvard University, where he received a Ph.D. degree in 1931. Skinner stayed there until 1936 doing laboratory experiments . He the joined the University of Minnesota in 1937. It was during this time that Skinner wrote his first book The Behavior of Organisms .The book was quoted to be a fairly comprehensive s tudy of operant conditioning In this book the theory of B.F. Skinner is based upon the idea that learning is a function of change in overt behavior. Changes in behavior are the result of an individuals response to events (stimuli) that occur in the environment. A response produces a consequence such as defining a word, hitting a ball, or solving a math problem. When a particular Stimulus-Response (S-R) pattern is reinforced (rewarded), the individual is conditioned to respond. The distinctive characteristic of operant conditioning relative to previous forms of behaviorism (for example Thorndike and Hull) is that the organism can emit responses instead of only eliciting response due to an external stimulus. Reinforcement is the key element in Skinners S-R theory. It could be verbal praise, a good grade, or a feeling of increased accomplishment or satisfaction. The theo ...

Business law - chinese trade and investment law Essay

Business law - chinese trade and investment law - Essay Example Significantly, in accordance with the principle of the balance between rights and duties, once China joins the WTO, China is said to be able to enjoy a "most favoured nation status" (Chen 2000). China's interest in WTO according to Chen (2000) is thus - ".the multilateral, stable and unconditional most favoured nation status provided by the WTO members and the achievements gained by other countries and regions from trade liberalization, [the participation] in the formulation of international trading rules, and [utilization of] the WTO's multilateral dispute solution mechanisms to safeguard China's rights and interests" According to the Fact File of the World Trade Organization (2005), the WTO is the only global international organisation dealing with the rules of trade between nations. Its goal is to help producers of goods and services, exporters, and importers conduct their business through agreements, negotiated and signed by the world's trading nations and ratified in their parliaments. Established on 1January1995, and created by the Uruguay Round negotiations (1986-1994), the organization is based in Geneva, Switzerland where 148countries (on 13October2004) are members. It has a budget of 169million Swiss francs for2005 and is now headed by Pascal Lamy as Director-General. The Fact File (2005) furt... Will joining the World Trade Organisation assist or hinder China's Development From the perspective of Rao (2001), a Chinese biotechnologist and food scientist, yes, China's joining the WTO in the long run will assist its development. Speaking before the WTO, he said China is aware that in so doing, some of its domestic food manufacturers will be hurt or damaged, just as others will not be. The Chinese government are also aware there could be initial shocks in agriculture and food industry, but in the long run "will be converted into a powerful driving force for its development." There are two views over the past years regarding China's accession to WTO: the optimistic view and the pessimistic view. The optimistic view reasons that the availability of cheaper supply food ingredients with higher quality after China's joining the WTO will give competitive edge to Chinese food industry in the international market (Rao 2001). In addition, the optimists say, China's membership will promote the rule of law in the country, undercut state power in controlling the lives of people, and accelerate China's transition from a command economy to a market economy. China's entry will also help modernize accounting, banking, legal, telecommunications, and transportation systems of the country, at the same time reduce corruption, favouritism, and local protectionism (Yu 2001). On the other hand, the pessimistic view says freer international trade and investment will strengthen the competitiveness of foreign food business in China, shrinking the domestic market for manufactured foods on account of the unavoidable decrease in Chinese farmers' income from low productivity. They say this will

Reward Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Reward Management - Essay Example Employees in present times are no longer satisfied with mere cash-based rewards (Dewhurst, Guthridge, and Mohr, 2010). They are increasingly seeking alternate sources of reward mostly non-financial such as recognition of their work and contribution made towards organizational success, health benefits, policies that enable them to strike a perfect work-life balance, positions of authority that enable them to exercise control and take risks to accomplish challenging objectives, etc among others. Motivating such diverse and talented pool of human resources has hence become highly challenging for the organizations. They are now compelled to reassess their reward management strategies and revise them in accordance with the changing demands of the industry, and include novel strategies that appeal to the individual tastes and preference of their employees. This includes initiating organization wide changes in the management styles, re-organizing the design systems, and incorporating the principles of transparency and fairness, by seeking active participation of employees in the reward design process. The rules of the workplace have evolved during the last couple of decades and the realities of yesterday no longer hold true in present times. The drastic change brought about by information technology, globalization, and expansion of the marketplace has entirely changed the rule of the game. Organizations today are no longer chasing customers but are also compelled to come up with innovative strategies to retain their skilled pool of human resources. Employee retention through implementation of motivational reward oriented strategies has assumed a top priority for the management. This paper on reward management discusses the various issues concerned with performance oriented pay structures, including the effectiveness of rewards on employee performance, the relationship between non-financial rewards and employee performance, the application of flexible reward policies, impact of non-financial rewards, the relevance and significance of integrated approach to total reward, and the issue of employee entitlement trap. 2. Relationship between rewards and performance: Various studies have indicated that there exists a strong relationship between rewards and employee performance (Guzzo et al., 1995; Jenkins et al., 1998; Hansen, 1997; Stajkovic & Luthans, 2001). Employees play a key role in enhancing the organizational performance. Hence it is imperative for organiz ations to ensure that the employees are appropriately rewarded for their contribution towards organizational development through an effective reward framework. The significance of effective reward management strategies for organizations can be ascertained by the fact that rewards help the management in preventing employee burnouts and provides them with adequate strength and motivation to address the various challenges encountered on the job (Schaufeli et al., 2002). It has been observed that employees are often subject to severe stress. This is particularly evident in service industries such as banking and the hospitality sector where the employees are directly in touch with the customers. Consumers today are getting more and more demanding

Candide by Voltaire Essay Example for Free

Candide by Voltaire Essay 1) What is the relationship between Candides adventures and Panglosss teachings? In Candide, we see lives filled with struggles and tragedy. Although Candide witnessed and fell victim to worldly evils of cruelty and suffering, he maintained his optimistic views through much of the novel. Candide picked up this idea of optimism through Panglosss teachings. Although he did not see any good reasons to disbelieve Panglosss teachings while living in the Barons castle, once in the outside world, Candide experiences many tragic events that make him, and the reader, question the philosophy of optimism. Candides adventures, starting when he is kicked out of the Barons castle, clearly represented an imperfect world, full of atrocities that contradicted Panglosss teachings. The events that break apart Panglosss teachings begin almost immediately when Candide is thrown in the streets to live on his own. He runs into recruiting officers of the King of Bulgars. They have him toast to the health of their king, but then beat Candide severely and put irons on his legs. Luckily though, the king comes by and tells them to spare Candide since he is innocent. Soon after that, Candide witnesses an awful, bloody battle between two armies. This horrible spectacle shows us how hateful and violent people are in this world. Later, he finds a beggar who turns out to be Pangloss. Pangloss shares some of the horrible things he had been put through and that Candides one and only love had been raped and her entire family had been murdered when the Barons castle had been taken over. Once with Pangloss, he has many new adventures. While out at sea with Pangloss and Jacques, a violent storm occurred and destroyed their ship. Many innocent passengers are killed including Jacques, who died saving a sailor. The innocent passengers deaths disprove Pangloss theory since it appeared the bad that came out of the shipwreck led to nothing good for them; instead, only brought them to their deaths. When the sailor, Pangloss, and Candide get into Lisbon, an earthquake destroys most of the city. A  tidal wave also crushes ships in the port. In an effort to prevent another earthquake, wise men take ridiculous actions against the slightest wrongdoing. Candide and Pangloss end up getting arrested. Pangloss is hanged and Candide is beaten badly. The ridiculous actions taken place prove to be futile when another earthquake erupts the next day. All of the bad that came from the first earthquake provided no good. Pangloss had been hung for no reason and Jacques, a good man, had died from the storm out at sea. The reader is left wondering how these horrible events could result in a greater good. Candide finds that God might have spared one place on earth, El Dorado. He finds this seemingly perfect city, yet does not want to stay because is still in love with Cunegonde. The king gives him and Cacambo a few sheep and some gold. This portion of the story brings a little light, yet the whole world cannot be like El Dorado, and people who do live in perfect worlds cannot even appreciate it because they have nothing to compare the high points against. Since life is always perfect, they live in lethargic boredom and cannot truly appreciate how well off they truly are. We also see times of happiness and good fortune that restore Candides faith in optimism throughout the book. Such periods include when we find Pangloss survived, and the points in the book when Candide and Cunegonde get to be together, even for short amounts of time. Towards the end of the story, Candide begins to question Pangloss philosophy more and more. Although we find events that support optimism, we find more counterexamples. Although Pangloss and the Barons son are found alive, they tell Candide their escapes from death, and the tortures they had been put through afterwards. Soon after they free Pangloss and the Barons son from slavery, the men go and find Cunegonde, the woman Candide had been searching to live with and love for his entire life. When they do find her, she is extremely ugly and Candide no longer wants to marry her. Although he is no longer attracted to her, he is a man of his word and feels he must do his duty to take care of her and love her. Now, he is stuck with a woman he no longer lusts over. Candide has finally found what he had been sacrificing for all of his life to find, yet is not satisfied with what he has acquired  for his hard work. Throughout the entire story of Candide, we are bombarded with horrendous events that happened to an individual to disprove Panglosss teachings. Candides adventures encountered such atrocities as murder, rape, slavery, and prostitution. The bad events that occur in Candide, help show that the world is not perfect, and that not everything happens for the greater good in the end. Candides adventures, great in number, show us how bad others lives turned out as well as their friends and families lives were hurt as well, such as the old woman. In the end, Candide finally realizes that optimism is not a flawless philosophy, and that the idea of working hard and enjoying life is better than waiting around for the good you think will happen. Candides adventures helped to contradict optimism and ultimately changed Candides beliefs from optimism to a realization of reality. Candide begins to live a simple life, working hard to avoid boredom, vice, and poverty.

Balancing A Career and A Family Essay -- Parenting Working Family Essa

Balancing A Career and A Family Abstract Regardless of where they are in their careers, working mothers have a tough time achieving balance between work and family. Generally, women take on or are given more responsibility for their homes than are men, leading to frustration and exhaustion. In this paper we will address some of the issues involved in balancing career and family. This paper will provide some solutions for the most common problems arising from todays busy schedules, and provide some insight on how to make the most of your time. The Scales of Life Working all day and then coming home to a young child can be difficult, at best. After putting all one’s energy into doing his/her job well -- answering to a boss's, co-workers', clients', and/or employees' demands. The last thing a parent may feel like doing is answering to their child's. However, these thoughts just make people feel guilty. These and other problems are more common in today’s households than society may realize. The stresses people face in the workplace today are far more demanding than they were during their parents careers. Today’s workforce is made up of just as many women as men, and in many cases, both parents have careers which leaves little in the way of quality time for children, and/or social time for adults. This essay will explore some solutions that others have used to change their lives, and careers for the better. One of the most common reasons for high levels of stress in families today, is caused by dissatisfaction and/or tension in the workplace. People have often heard the addage â€Å"Leave your Job at the Office†, but how many are capable of just turning things off, when they leave for the day? Not many, and becau... ...ven many the freedom from debt that allowed them to return to school or pursue a new, sometimes lower paying, yet less stressful occupation. Financial counseling is another alternative that has helped many to understand the nature of their debts, and gain control of them so that lower wages or new careers became a possibility. These and many other stress alternatives are available to most everyone, but it’s up to each individual to make a conscience decision to improve their lives, only then can they start down that road into the unknown; which for most, has been a very liberating journey. References 1. The Career Journal (2001). Stress in the Workplace: The Silent Danger. Career Journal. Retrieved February 1, 2001. From http://www.careerjournal.com/jobhunting/change/20030225 2. Oldenburg, Ray (1989). The Problem of Place in America Pub Group West.

Case Study: Google in China Essay

Google issued a statement mentioning the attacks across the Internet generated from China and declaring its unwillingness to censor search results any more and indicating its decision of exiting China. Several months later, the company moved from Beijing to Hong Kong, out of Mainland China, and still has provided services to users in Mainland China, but also has faced many difficulties. This case is very typical and meaningful for foreign companies, which have willingness to launch their business successfully in China. Culture, local laws and differences between western market and Chinese market should be taken into consideration. Case A 1. Why did Google issue the statement of January 12? Google issued the statement to express the company’s unwillingness to tolerate censorship in China and the decision to exit from China. The Chinese government made the decision to control the information flow on the Internet and insisted on removing information from search results that it is considered politically objectionable, which leads to the insufficiency and inaccuracy of the search result. This is not what Google wants. The statement doesn’t aim at accusing of the cyber attacks across the Internet and helping users make their computers much safer, but declare that Google won’t compromise to the censorship in China any more, which violates the missions and principles of the company—To organize the world’s information and make it universally accessible and useful and do no evil. 2. Can Google take comfort from the reactions of stakeholders so far? In my opinion, it depends on different stakeholders. For competitors, such as Baidu, there is no doubt that Google exiting from China is great news by getting rid of such a strong competitor. And also I don’t think the shareholders of the company were happy to see that, as the stock price of Google falling as low as $573.09 on January 13 comparing to $714.87 in December 2007. And cutting themselves off from one of the fastest-growing economies in the world and giving up such a huge market would lead to negative impact to the revenues of the company. Those shareholders would give extra pressure. However, the statement won some respect and support from democrats and human rights activists, and also won the trust of its users and the employees outside China, not the ones in China.

How has Sweatshops Affected Ciudad de Juarez Mexico?

What are sweatshops? Labor Departments around the world defines sweatshops as workplaces that violate two or more basic labor laws – it includes child labor, minimum wage, overtime and safety laws. Sweatshops conjures up vivid images of unsatisfactory working conditions, factories that are dirty, cramped reminiscent of turn of the century New York tenements where majority of immigrant women worked as seamstresses (Given).True to the assessment, sweatshops workers report horrible working conditions, below minimum wages, no benefits, non-payment of wages, forced overtime, sexual harassment, corporal punishment and illegal termination. In some instances children are found working in sweatshops, instead of going to school as mandated by local laws (â€Å"Definition of Sweatshop†).Most sweatshop operators thrives on notoriety as they force women workers to regularly take birth control pills to avoid pregnancy; or abortion; and for those women who defy the orders, are not giv en maternity leaves and most often terminated. These conditions are the result of women’s illiteracy, ignorance of workers rights and access to workers union (Given).Why do sweatshops continue to proliferate? In more advanced countries, sweatshops are not tolerated by government, in fact they have line agencies that process reports of violation of existing labor laws. In the process manufacturers have to follow mandated codes that results in products that are not price competitive in the world market.Upon the fall of Communism, â€Å"free market† followed and the marked rise in anti-union sentiment. Governments likewise pushed for the encouragement of free trade that actually hastened the globalization process. This also brought the creation of the government initiative known as the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) which seeks to abolish all known trade barriers among countries (â€Å"Sweat Shop Labor†).In so doing, large corporations are now free to seek labor outsourcing; particularly on the poor and impoverished countries with oppressive dictatorial regimes. Through suppression of workers freedom of speech and the right to workers union, low wages are offered that appeal to most large corporations. The NAFTA as an agency can enforce a minimum standard for workers rights only to some extent, but never on â€Å"free trade zones† (Mexican maquiladoras), where the workers rights provisions of the agreement simply cannot be enforced (Given).The Juarez, Mexico Maquiladoras (Sweatshops); The city of Juarez in Mexico lies along the border with the United States, in fact only a 15foot wall separates the two countries. Because of the NAFTA provision on the creation of â€Å"free trade zones† (maquiladoras), Juarez became the center of trade with American multi-national companies. 90% of all the products churned out in Juarez are destined for the United States (â€Å"Delegation Objectives†).In the Juarez maquiladora s alone thousands of young women are hired and are recipient of poverty level wages. Since the NAFTA provisions are not binding, inferior environmental regulation permeates the manufacturing plants and agricultural farms coupled with low tariffs, thus the maquiladoras had amassed prosperity and massive amounts of wealth.To maintain the level of efficiency in the maquiladoras, workers are brutally treated. Those who manifest resistance and disloyalty are subjected to torture, some are abducted and raped and still others are murdered. This has been the situation of Mexican women hired in the maquiladoras, as present records would reveal that over 400 victims had disappeared from Juarez alone. Although these cases have been going on since 1993, yet nothing has been done about it and this violent disappearance and crime remains unsolved and continues unabated to this day (â€Å"The Tragedies†).Even with evidence of the gruesome crimes already brought into the open, authorities in practically all levels of the Mexican government continues to exhibit indifference about the matter. Strong evidence suggests that some high level officials may be part of the conspiracy. Corruption at the higher level of government offices allow these criminal acts to be committed with impunity, secure in the belief that there will be no consequence (Hanna).Though minor advances have been made in the struggle for justice due in part to the determination of the victim’s families who can never submit to the state and federal authorities bullying to keep them quiet. This has reached significant breakthrough because international non-government organizations are spearheading the campaign so justice can finally be meted out. The grassroots group working with the NGO’s often work under a climate of fear, threats and defamation by government officials.Stand and be counted To be honest, I abhor the atrocities committed on the countless women workers in Juarez, Mexico. What h appened to them is a form of exploitation perpetrated by supposed to be a sane society in this modern era. So, all forms of legal remedies must be laid out to stop these senseless disregard for human rights and violations of the moral framework.After being presented with a lengthy account of women workers conditions at the various maquiladora (free trade zones) companies, I can only sympathize with the victims and families for the fate that befalls them. What happened to them was a gruesome tale inflicted to them by their own kind. It could have been more understandable if such treatment happened during the war and succeeding invasion, but from a countryman simply because they are motivated by greed, is the lowest form of inhumanity. Such atrocities should be condemned and perpetrators brought to the bar of justice so a commensurate punishment could be meted out.Women who work in Mexican maquiladoras are paid wages that vary from $25 to $50 a week, a rate that is not even classified poverty level since pants costs $15 to $20. How can you live with this income, while most American’s believe that Mexican workers can survive with lower wages simply because their living expenses are cheaper. Baloney, because basic commodities such as milk, bread, sugar are much cheaper across the border in the U.S.Workers have to scrimp to make ends meet, most live in shacks constructed from packing crates which are usually sold (not given free) by companies. How can you expect workers to be comfortable in this situation, they do not have running water, and the water they use are stored in containers previously used by toxic chemicals, further contributing to health risks. How can these flimsy shacks protect these workers from the harsh elements, particularly heat from the sun and severe cold at night (Dr. Kayann).In the workplace the same miserable condition exists, workers are always subjected to dangerous and inhumane working conditions, such as exposure to toxic chemica ls without any form of protection because owners cut costs to increase profitability. Workers are made to stand long hours and not even allowed to turn their heads and converse with a neighboring worker. When a quota is placed it has to be completed and workers have to put in extra hours without additional compensation. The situation borders on slave labor of the past, only that this time they are paid with diminutive wages. Is this practice correct? (Dr. Kayann).Despite the gruesome treatment, what have NAFTA done to ease the suffering of the workers. Proponents of the NAFTA have always maintained that the U.S. backed Treaty would literally improve wages and conditions of the Mexican workers, the contrary has happened however, since wages have plummeted and the working conditions have turned from bad to worst. Part of the emergency plan at the time (1994) was the devaluation of the peso to provide relief during the Mexican economic crises. It cuts the purchasing power of the peso i n half and resulted in untold misery to the workers. The Mexicans suffered in the trade-off, but it brought prosperity to the multi-national companies based in the U.S (Wikipedia Contributors).Where then is the ethical conducts that the NAFTA treaty envisioned. Can you be morally correct if your company profited at the expense of the hapless Mexican workers at the Juarez maquiladora? We are the bastion of democracy around the world, we encourage free and equal opportunities for all, yet we deprive our neighbor Mexico the right to co-exist with us and put the question of survival of its workers to the brink. How can we do this?While NAFTA was promoted as the magic potion to heal the ailing Mexican economy, the contrary has happened, it brought the economy to its knees. When heavily subsidized American agri-business products entered the mainstream Mexican economy it forced Mexican farmers off their land because of the low-priced imports. This single blow alone forced some 2 million fa rmers out from agriculture and suffered the pangs of poverty (Bybee & Winter).Again with NAFTA’s service sector rules, it enjoined giant firms like Wal-Mart to enter the Mexican market, it sold low-priced goods made by China that totally displaced the local based manufacturing firms. It is reported that a total of 28,000 medium sized Mexican firms have been eliminated. How can Mexican businesses compete in a playing field that is grossly one sided, naturally the weak suffered. Mexico is not a David that can slew a Goliath.Due to the economic shortfall and the demise of the medium-sized manufacturing firms there is now an oversupply of workers and guided by the governments policy of crushing labor unions, it resulted in sweatshops along the border that pays wages of 60 cents to a dollar an hour. Wages have actually gone down since the NAFTA provisions came into effect.The overall consequence of the NAFTA provision on the people of Mexico have been the cause of marked reduction in industrial wages, peasant’s were forced off the agricultural lands, small manufacturing businesses closed shop, and the incidence of growing poverty. This would explain why so many desperate Mexicans were lured into the border to find a decent way to make a living under the U.S backed maquiladora (Bybee & Winter).Those who didn’t find work risked their lives to cross the border to provide for their family. Records would show that there were 2.5 million illegal Mexican immigrants in 1995 and 8 million more have crossed the border thereafter. In 2005, around 400 desperate Mexicans died while attempting to cross the border. A tragedy that should have been averted had the tenets of the NAFTA been willfully designed (Grieco & Ray).In effect NAFTA failed to discourage illegal immigration for the simple reason that it was not designed as a genuine development program. Had it been devised as such, NAFTA could have raised the standard of living; provided health care; encour aged environmental clean-up; and instigated workers rights in Mexico. Economically speaking, Mexico has now been annexed by the U.S. as the manufacturing base for cheap labor. (Bybee & Winter).These are the very reasons why I express displeasure over the continued existence of the maquiladora in Juarez, Mexico. And to think that America had a hand in its creation, in the guise of globalization is doubly embarrassing.ConclusionThe effect of globalization has been grossly exercised in Mexico, as balance of trade was compromised. The NAFTA, the vehicle that was supposed to bring equal economic directions to both countries was glaringly one sided, bringing prosperity to one and misery to the other. The economic tug of war manifested with the closure of businesses in Mexico and the creation of â€Å"free trade zones† near the border.As the Mexican economy was reeling because of unfair competition, the labor force quadrupled and to make ends meet, people were forced to work within the maquidora. Mexican officials took advantage of the economic recession and took its toll on the hapless Mexican labor force, by instigating low wages, harsh and brutal treatment on workers. Some endured in order to survive but the rest crossed the border to seek a better life.I am really for the dismantling of the maquidora and return the dignity to the Mexican labor force. What happened to the workers in Juarez is morally oppressive, considering that they were forced out of their normal work routine, because of the failure of the NAFTA to provide for the essentials in order to remedy the effects of a floundering economy.The Mexicans had placed hopes in the American inspired economic bailout system and even acceded to the devaluation of the peso to finally rise from the ashes. Only to be confronted with the evils of the Juarez maquiladora as inspired by the provision of the NAFTA (Paul).Looking now at the dilemma of the Mexican people, it is only morally right that well-intention ed government agencies correct the failures that had been perpetrated. Make a thorough evaluation of the crimes that has been committed to the hapless women workers of the Juarez maquiladora and expedite justice. Above all a valid rectification and restitution program must be extended to the victims of the atrocities so they can live anew with dignity and self respect.Bibliography â€Å"Definition of Sweatshop.† Yahoo! Education. 2000. Houghton Mifflin Company. 11 December 2007. < http://education.yahoo.com/reference/dictionary/entry/sweatshop>.â€Å"Delegation Objectives: Congressional Delegation to Ciudad Juarez, Mexico.† Latin America Working Group. 2003. Latin America Working Group. 11 December 2007.â€Å"Sweat Shop Labor.† InterReligious Task Force on Central America. 11 December 2007.â€Å"The Tragedies of Juarez and Chihuahua, Mexico.† Spark. 11 December 2007. .Bybee, Roger & Winter, Carolyn. â€Å"Immigration Flood Unleashed by NAFTA’s Dis astrous Impact on Mexican Economy.† Common Dreams. 25 April 2006. Common Dreams org. 11 December 2007. < http://www.commondreams.org/views06/0425-30.htm>.Dr. Kayann. â€Å"Who Makes It?† Why Shop? Colorado University. 11 December 2007. .Given, Olivia. â€Å"Frequently Asked Questions About Sweatshops and Women Workers.† Feminist Majority Foundation Online. September 1997. The Feminist Majority Foundation. 11 December 2007. .Grieco, Elizabeth & Ray, Brian. â€Å"Mexican Immigrants in the US Labor Force. Migration Information Source. March 2004. Migration Policy Institute. 11 December 2007. .Hanna, Erin. â€Å"NOW to Protest the Brutal Murder of Juarez Women.† National Organization for Women. April 2005. National Organization for Women. .Paul, Ron. â€Å"The Mexican Bailout.† Project Freedom. 1997. 11 December 2007. .Wikipedia Contributors. â€Å"1994 Economic Crisis in Mexico.† Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 10 December 2007. Wikimedia Fou ndation, Inc. 11 December 2007. .

Basic Atomic Structure and Atomic Theory - Study Guide

Basic Atomic Structure and Atomic Theory - Study Guide Atoms are one of the first topics covered in a chemistry course because they are the fundamental building block of matter. Atoms bond to each other to form pure elements, compounds, and alloys. These substances exchange atoms with each other to form new products through chemical reactions. Key Takeaways: Atoms Atoms are the smallest unit of matter that cannot be divided using any chemical method. They do consist of smaller parts, but can only be broken by nuclear reactions.The three parts of an atom are protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons carry a positive electrical charge. Neutrons are electrically neutral. Electrons carry a negative charge, equal in magnitude to that of a proton.Protons and neutrons stick together to form the atomic nucleus. Electrons orbit around the nucleus.Chemical bonding and chemical reactions occur due to the electrons around atoms. An atom with too many or too few electrons is unstable and may bond with another atom to either share or essentially donate electrons. Atom Overview Chemistry is the study of matter and the interactions between different types of matter and energy. The fundamental building block of matter is the atom. An atom consists of three main parts: protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons have a positive electrical charge. Neutrons have no electrical charge. Electrons have a negative electrical charge. Protons and neutrons are found together in what is called the nucleus of the atom. Electrons circle around the  nucleus. Chemical reactions involve interactions between the electrons of one atom and the electrons of another atom. Atoms which have different amounts of electrons and protons have a positive or negative electrical charge and are called ions. When atoms bond together, they can make larger building blocks of matter called molecules. The word atom was coined by the early Greeks Democritus and Leucippus, but the nature of the atom wasnt understood until later. In the 1800s, John Dalton demonstrated atoms react with each other in whole ratios to form compounds. The discovery of the electron earned J.J. Thomson the 1906 Nobel Prize in Physics. The atomic nucleus was discovered in the gold foil experiment conducted by Geiger and Marsden under the supervision of Ernest Rutherford in 1909. Important Atom Facts All matter consists of particles called atoms. Here are some useful facts about atoms: Atoms cannot be divided  using chemicals. They do consist of parts, which include protons, neutrons, and electrons, but an atom is a basic chemical building block of matter.Each electron has a negative electrical charge.Each proton has a positive electrical charge. The charge of a proton and an electron are equal in magnitude, yet opposite in sign. Electrons and protons are electrically attracted to each other.Each neutron is electrically neutral. In other words, neutrons do not have a charge and are not electrically attracted to either electrons or protons.Protons and neutrons are about the same size as each other and are much larger than electrons.The mass of a proton is essentially the same as that of a neutron. The mass of a proton is 1840 times greater than the mass of an electron.The nucleus of an atom contains protons and neutrons. The nucleus carries a positive electrical charge.Electrons move around outside the nucleus.Almost all of the mass of an atom is in its nucleus; a lmost all of the volume of an atom is occupied by electrons. The number of protons  (also known as its  atomic number) determines the element. Varying the number of neutrons results in isotopes. Varying the number of electrons results in ions. Isotopes and ions of an atom with a constant number of protons are all variations of a single element.The particles within an atom are bound together by powerful forces. In general, electrons are easier to add or remove from an atom than a proton or neutron.  Chemical reactions  largely involve atoms or groups of atoms and the interactions between their electrons. Study Questions and Answers Try these practice problems to test your understanding of atomic theory. Write the  nuclear symbols for three isotopes  of oxygen in which there are 8, 9, and 10 neutrons, respectively.  AnswerWrite the  nuclear symbol  for an atom  with 32 protons and 38 neutrons.  AnswerIdentify the number of protons and electrons in the Sc3  ion.  AnswerGive the symbol of an ion which has 10 e- and 7 p.  Answer Sources Lewis, Gilbert N. (1916). The Atom and the Molecule. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 38 (4): 762–786. doi:10.1021/ja02261a002Wurtz, Charles Adolphe (1881). The Atomic Theory. New York: D. Appleton and company. ISBN 978-0-559-43636-9.

John Brown and His Raid on Harpers Ferry

John Brown and His Raid on Harpers Ferry The abolitionist John Brown remains one of the most controversial figures of the 19th century. During a few years of fame before his fateful raid on the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Americans either regarded him as a noble hero or a dangerous fanatic. After his execution on December 2, 1859, Brown became a martyr to those opposed to slavery. And the controversy over his actions and his fate helped stoke the tensions that pushed the United States to the brink of Civil War. Early Life John Brown was born on May 9, 1800, in Torrington, Connecticut. His family was descended from New England Puritans, and he had a deeply religious upbringing. John was the third of six children in the family. When Brown was five, the family moved to Ohio. During his childhood, Browns very religious father would exclaim that slavery was a sin against God. And when Brown visited a farm in his youth he witnessed the beating of slave. The violent incident had a lasting effect on young Brown, and he became a fanatical opponent of slavery. John Browns Anti-Slavery Passion Brown married at the age of 20, and he and his wife had seven children before she died in 1832. He remarried and fathered 13 more children. Brown and his family moved to several states, and he failed at every business he entered. His passion for eliminating slavery became the focus of his life. In 1837, Brown attended a meeting in Ohio in memory of Elijah Lovejoy, an abolitionist newspaper editor who had been killed in Illinois. At the meeting, Brown raised his hand and vowed that he would destroy slavery. Advocating Violence In 1847 Brown moved to Springfield, Massachusetts and began befriending members of a community of escaped slaves. It was at Springfield that he first befriended the abolitionist writer and editor Frederick Douglass, who had escaped from slavery in Maryland. Browns ideas became more radical, and he began advocating a violent overthrow of slavery. He argued that slavery was so entrenched that it could only be destroyed by violent means. Some opponents of slavery had become frustrated with the peaceful approach of the established abolition movement, and Brown gained some followers with his fiery rhetoric. John Browns Role in Bleeding Kansas In the 1850s the territory of Kansas was rocked by violent conflicts between anti-slavery and pro-slavery settlers. The violence, which became known as Bleeding Kansas, was a symptom of the highly controversial Kansas-Nebraska Act. John Brown and five of his sons moved to Kansas to support the free-soil settlers who wanted Kansas to come into the union as a free state in which slavery would be outlawed. In May 1856, in response to pro-slavery ruffians attacking Lawrence, Kansas, Brown and his sons attacked and killed five pro-slavery settlers at Pottawatomie Creek, Kansas. Brown Desired a  Slave Rebellion After acquiring a bloody reputation in Kansas, Brown set his sights higher. He became convinced that if he started an uprising among slaves by providing weapons and strategy, the revolt would spread across the entire south. There had been slave uprisings before, most notably the one led by the slave Nat Turner in Virginia in 1831. Turners rebellion resulted in the deaths of 60 whites and the eventual execution of Turner and more than 50 African Americans believed to have been involved. Brown was very familiar with the history of slave rebellions, yet still believed he could start a guerrilla war in the south. The Plan to Attack on Harpers Ferry Brown began to plan an attack on the federal arsenal in the small town of Harpers Ferry, Virginia (which is in present-day West Virginia). In July 1859, Brown, his sons, and other followers rented a farm across the Potomac River in Maryland. They spent the summer secretly stockpiling weapons, as they believed they could arm slaves in the south who would escape ​to join their cause. Brown traveled to Chambersburg, Pennsylvania at one point that summer to meet with his old friend Frederick Douglass. Hearing Browns plans, and believing them suicidal, Douglass refused to participate. John Browns Raid on Harpers Ferry On the night of October 16, 1859, Brown and 18 of his followers drove wagons into the town of Harpers Ferry. The raiders cut telegraph wires and quickly overcame the watchman at the armory, effectively seizing the building. Yet a train passing through town carried the news, and by the next day forces began to arrive. Brown and his men barricaded themselves inside buildings and a siege began. The slave uprising Brown hoped to spark never happened. A contingent of Marines arrived, under the command of Col. Robert E. Lee. Most of Browns men were soon killed, but he was taken alive on October 18 and jailed. The Martyrdom of John Brown Browns trial for treason in Charlestown, Virginia was major news in American newspapers in late 1859. He was convicted and sentenced to death. John Brown was hanged, along with four of his men, on December 2, 1859 at Charlestown. His execution was marked by the tolling of church bells in many towns in the north. The abolitionist cause had gained a martyr. And the execution of Brown was a step on the countrys road to Civil War.

The economic and accounting concepts of Income Essay

The economic and accounting concepts of Income - Essay Example It is impossible to arrive at the accounting income without going through accounting equation. i.e. adding up what the accounting records say belongs to the business and deducting what they say the business owes. This gives us the accounting income which essentially shows what an individual or a business is worth according to those accounting records. The accounting income therefore takes into account the fact that that no business will be set up to start trading in the absence of recourses which in most cases are supplied by the owner of the business. Usually, it is not only then owner of the business supplying resources, but other people s well other than the owner. The amounts owing to these other people for their assets in the business is called liabilities Accounting income , therefore can be called the owner 's equity or net worth, since it comprises of the funds invested in the business by the owner plus any profits retained for use in the business less any share of profit paid out of the business to the owner. The following is an illustration of a balance sheet. Balance sheet as at ________________________________________________________________________ Fixed assets CapitalFree hold premises xx Furniture and fittings xx Long Term, Liabilities xx Motor Vans xx Loan for 5 Years xx Current Assets Trading Debtors xx Trading stock xx Cash at Bank xx Short term Liabilities Trading Debtors xxShort term Loans xx Institution of all kinds prepare income statements even governments of Government bodies

Police Corruption Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Police Corruption - Essay Example As compared to yesterday years, police corruption might have decreased but it has never left the system or the people responsible to operate the system have failed to erase its mark. Corruption conducted by police men ends up disrupting the entire system, corruption leads to lack of fair dealing, it ends up offending other individual’s moral and ethical values, individuals indulged in corruption end up committing immoral behavior, the benchmark gets distorted and it even acts against the moral standards of others operating in the policing system. The cost of corruption is very high and this increases the liability on the shoulders of the individuals of the policing system. Police corruption leads to the end of a positive relationship between the officials and the public. Discussion According to Carter and Baker, misconduct conducted by policing officials is of four types, these include: corruption, misbehavior, work-related deviance and deviance. Police corruption is not only conducted by the top officials, it is even found in the roots of the system which includes the lower ranks of the department. Officials throughout the hierarchy of policing system have been held responsible for conducting corruption and activities that can be counted as criminal in nature. The managerial levels of policing system are even corrupt and that is due to the special privileges that these officials have due to their positions. It is very hard to identify corruption conducted by managers in policing systems as these managers are in full control of all the activities conducted by the entire system. Theorists have divided corruption conducted by police managers into four types, which include: behaviors that are against the rules of the policing system, behaviors that are counted as negligent, behaviors that are recognized as wrong by policing system rules and these behaviors are conducted intentionally and lastly corruption is caused when managers fail to perform expected dut ies. The main concern of researchers is that why do police officials conduct corruption. Police corruption refers to all those illegal police activities conducted by police officials who exist in different positions of the hierarchy of the police system. In other words, police corruption is witnessed when an official working in the police department uses his position authority to gain material benefits. An act conducted by police officials is confirmed as an corrupt act when that behavior is recognized unlawful, the behavior results in wrongful use of position power and the behavior is conducted for any material gain. Activities such as stealing department assets, protecting criminals, and taking a bribe are considered as corrupt if the police official is on duty and conducting these activities. Police corruption takes place on individual as well as organizational level. Individual corruption takes place one only one official is involved in corrupt activities and organizational corr uption takes place when the entire system or department is conducting corrupt activities. Different theorists have defined police corruption in different ways, certain theorists define it as an act conducted by official for monetary benefits,